The Potential Of Natural Product Enrichment Noodle In Improving The Health Of Pregnant Women

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36568/jone.v4i1.721

Keywords:

Enrichment noodle, Okra, Moringa, Channa striata, Pregnancy

Abstract

Pregnancy is a critical period in which adequate nutrition is essential for both maternal and fetal health. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of natural product-enriched noodles, combining snakehead fish (Channa striata), Moringa oleifera leaves and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), on the hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood protein levels of pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency (CED). Stunting remains a significant public health problem in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 28.9% in Surabaya in 2021. Protein deficiency and anemia during pregnancy increase the risk of intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, and stunting. It was hypothesized that the combined nutritional properties of these ingredients — high protein and albumin from snakehead fish, iron and antioxidants from Moringa, and bioactive compounds from okra would synergistically improve maternal nutritional status. A Pre-Experimental One Group Pretest-Posttest Design was employed at Sidosermo Community Health Center, Surabaya, from June to September 2025. All 15 eligible pregnant women with CED at the study site were enrolled using total sampling (n=15); the small sample size and absence of a control group represent key study limitations affecting generalizability and causal inference. Participants consumed protein-enriched noodles made from modified cassava flour, snakehead fish, Moringa leaves, and okra three times per week for one month, a frequency and dose based on prior food-based supplementation programs in pregnant women. The noodle product was confirmed to be high in protein (14.22%) and microbiologically safe. Post-intervention, the number of anemia cases decreased from 11 to 4 participants, hematocrit normalized in 4 of 11 previously low cases, and blood protein levels normalized in 10 of 15 participants. As no inferential statistical analysis was performed, these findings should be interpreted with caution. These results suggest that locally sourced nutritional interventions have the potential to improve maternal nutritional status and contribute to reducing stunting prevalence in Indonesia.

References

Oktavia E, Editia YV, Primadani M. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Di Indonesia Tahun 2024. Jurnal Ventilator. 2024 Mar 5;2(1):158-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59680/ventilator.v2i1.988 .

Muliadi T, Ahmad A, Nur A, Marissa N, Marisa, Junaidi, Reynaldi F, Fitriyaningsih E, Husnah, Naufal I, Damanik MR. The coverage of indicators of sensitive and specific intervention programs and prevalence of stunting under-five children: A cross-sectional study in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Nutrition and Health. 2025 Jan;31(1):165-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060231164664

Devi PA, Sari PM, Pangesti NM, Pratiwi NK, Rahmasari LP. Potensi daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) pada olahan makanan populer sebagai antioksidan untuk meningkatkan nilai gizi. InProsiding Workshop dan Seminar Nasional Farmasi 2023 Nov 10 (Vol. 2, pp. 464-482). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/WSNF.2022.v02.p37

Kwok CT, Ng YF, Chan HT, Chan SW. An overview of the current scientific evidence on the biological properties of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (Okra). Foods. 2025 Jan 8;14(2):177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14020177

Kafesa, A., Darmanto, W. & Wahyuningsih, S. P. W. Silver Nanoparticles with Modified Synthesis Use Sodium Borohydride Reducing Agent and Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.) Raw Polysaccharide Extract as an Anti-Colon Cancer. Trends Sci. Manuscript-Manuscript. 21, (2024) DOI: https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.8149

Bola MF, Latief S, Lantara AM, Safitri A, Darma S. Analisis Pelayanan Intervensi Gizi Spesifik pada Stunting di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas. Fakumi Medical Journal: Jurnal Mahasiswa Kedokteran. 2024 Nov 30;4(11):759-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33096/fmj.v4i11.514

Tendean AF, Sutantri S, Alhalawi Z, Muhammad C. Strategi pencegahan dan penanggulangan stunting pada anak usia 6-59 bulan. Klabat Journal of Nursing. 2022 Oct 29;4(2):1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37771/kjn.v4i2.825

Ortega, R. F. Systems and methods for deriving protein powder. in U.S. Patent 8,663,725 (2014).https://patents.google.com/patent/US9706787B2/en

Denta AO, Fauziyah E. Serbuk daun kelor efektif menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dan kadar kolesterol pada individu obese. Wiraraja Medika: Jurnal Kesehatan. 2022 Jun 12;12(1):10-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24929/fik.v12i1.1712

Pratiwi M, Jaenudin J, Pratiwi A. Study Literature Review: Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat Akan Manfaat Buah Okra Terhadap Penyakit Diabetes Mellitus. Indonesian Journal for Health Sciences. 2023 Sep 20;7(2):66-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24269/ijhs.v7i2.6379

Pasaribu AA, Amalia A, Tampubolon VA, Pasaribu SF. Literature Review: Potensi Buah Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus (L) Moench) Sebagai Antidiabetes: Literature Review: Potency of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus (L) Moench) as Antidiabetic. JUrnal Gizi Dan Kesehatan. 2022 Jul 31;14(2):238-44. DOI: https://jurnalgizi.unw.ac.id/index.php/JGK/article/view/342/207

Mokoginta M, Ilmiah WS, Purwanti AS. Relationship between CED Status, Pregnant Women and LBW with Stunting Incidence in Toddlers at Dolodou Health Center, West Dumoga District. InProceeding International Conference Of Innovation Science, Technology, Education, Children And Health 2025 Jun 30 (Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 509-518). DOI: https://doi.org/10.62951/icistech.v5i1.187

Faidah, S. N., Sulistiyani, S., & Rohmawati, N. Pengaruh penambahan tepung daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap daya terima sosis ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus). Jurnal Agroteknologi Merdeka Pasuruan, 2022 Desember 26;6(2), 1-8 . DOI: 10.51213/jamp.v6i2.74

Hasani, R. (2023). Tepung dan Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera): Dampaknya terhadap Kuantitas dan Kualitas ASI serta Pertumbuhan Bayi 0-6 Bulan. Penerbit NEM. https://www.penerbitnem.com/2023/08/tepung-dan-ekstrak-daun-kelor-moringan.html

Eriyahma A. Upaya pemanfaatan daun kelor: puding daun kelor untuk mencegah stunting. Abdi Massa: Jurnal Pengabdian Nasional. 2023 May 2;3(03):23-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.69957/abdimass.v3i03.622

Fitriana L. Studi Pemanfaatan Tepung Jagung, Tepung Mocaf Dan Daun Binahong Dalam Pembuatan Sweet Bread. Garina. 2021 Dec 31;13(2):88-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.69697/garina.v13i2.70

Asmoro NW. Karakteristik dan sifat tepung singkong termodifikasi (mocaf) dan manfaatnya pada produk pangan. Journal of Food and Agricultural Product. 2021 Aug 2;1(1):34-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32585/jfap.v1i1.1755

Setyawati E, Sumarmi S, Nurasmi N, Irnawati I, Hutagaol IO. Effectiveness of moringa biscuit (Moringa oleifera) and snakehead fish (Channa striata) in improving the nutritional status of pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency. African journal of reproductive health. 2024 Dec 6;28(10):41-9. DOI:10.29063/ajrh2024/v28i10s.5

Sulaiman Z, Umar F. Innovation of Moringa Leaf and Eel Noodle as Functional Food Diversification for Stunting Prevention. Journal of Medical and Health Studies. 2024 Dec 19;5(4):193-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32996/jmhs.2024.5.4.21

Uwiringiyimana T, Habimana S, Umuhozariho MG, Bigirimana VP, Uwamahoro F, Ndereyimana A, Naramabuye FX. Review on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) production, nutrition and health benefits. Rwanda Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2024 Mar 11;3(1):71-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04898-6

Adhikaria SP, Rokaa PA, Yogib L, Bharatia S. Optimizing Micronutrient Management for Enhanced Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.) Productivity: A Focus on Zinc and Boron Application Strategies. Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture (MJSA) 8(1) (2024) 15-19 DOI: http://doi.org/10.26480/mjsa.01.2024.15.19

Pomalingo AY, Ranti in. The Effect of Substitution of Snakehead Fish and Purple Eggplant Flour on The Acceptability of Biscuits for Stunting Prevention. National Nutrition Journal/Media Gizi Indonesia. 2023 Oct 2;18. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v18i2SP.37-42

Litaay C, Mayasti NK, Novianti F, Indriati A, Andrianto M, Rahman N, Purwandoko PB, Rahman N, Fajwah AM. Optimization of Dry Noodles Enriched with Anchovy and Moringa Using D-Optimal Mixture Design. Indonesian Fisheries Processing Journal/Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 2026 Jan 1;29(1). https://journal.ipb.ac.id/jphpi/article/view/68212/32632

Lestari A, Ginting M, Nopriantini N. Acceptability and Analysis of The Proximate of Instant Porridge Breast Milk Complementary Food (MP-ASI) with Toman Fishmeal Substitution (Channa micropellets) for Infants Aged 6-9 Months Based on Local Food. Sport and Nutrition Journal. 2024;6(2):101-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/mzg7vy06

Malle S, Fattah N, Inthe MG, Tahir SH. Inovasi Produk Cemilan Stik Berbasis Sumberdaya Lokal Ikan Bandeng, Ikan Gabus dan Ekstrak Daun Kelor: Uji Sensori dan Kandungan Gizi. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Pangan. 2026 Apr 30;11(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.63071/peq20f75

Downloads

Published

2026-02-28

How to Cite

Christyaningsih, J., Rahmawati, L., Hatijah, N., & Firmansyah, M. A. (2026). The Potential Of Natural Product Enrichment Noodle In Improving The Health Of Pregnant Women. Journal of Nutrition Explorations, 4(1), 28–37. https://doi.org/10.36568/jone.v4i1.721

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): February

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Juliana Christyaningsih, Laili Rahmawati, Nur Hatijah, Muhammad Andy Firmansyah

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

All articles published in the Journal of Nutrition Explorations are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution–ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Under this license, users are permitted to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, and link to the full texts of the articles, as well as adapt and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.

Any derivative works based on the published articles must be distributed under the same Creative Commons Attribution–ShareAlike (CC BY-SA 4.0) license.

Authors who publish with the Journal of Nutrition Explorations retain the copyright of their work. By submitting and publishing their manuscripts in this journal, authors grant the journal the right of first publication.

The Journal of Nutrition Explorations supports the principles of open access, ensuring that all published articles are freely available online without subscription or access fees.

Author Rights

Authors retain the following rights:

  • The right to share and distribute their published article.

  • The right to use the article for academic and educational purposes.

  • The right to deposit the article in institutional or subject repositories.

  • The right to include the article in future books, theses, or other scholarly works.

Licensing Information

All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution–ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).

More information about this license can be found at:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2 3 > >>