The Influence of Digital Food Marketing on Children's and Adolescents' Food Choices
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36568/jone.v4i3.770Keywords:
adolescents, children, digital food marketing, food choicesAbstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents continues to rise, partly driven by high consumption of foods high in fat, sugar, and salt. The evolution of the digital landscape has shifted food marketing toward social media, algorithm-based advertising, influencer content, and advergames, thereby increasing exposure to such marketing. This narrative review aims to synthesize the evidence on how digital food marketing strategies influence food choices and consumption behaviors among children and adolescents. Literature searches were conducted on the ScienceDirect and SpringerLink databases and limited to english language articles published between 2020 and 2026. Fifteen articles including primary and secondary research studies and reviews met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using a narrative review approach. The results of the synthesis indicate that children and adolescents are heavily exposed to digital food marketing across various platforms. This marketing is delivered through increasingly personalized AI based techniques, influencer support, and peer-to-peer marketing. Such exposure has consistently been linked to higher brand awareness, strong food cravings, and a stronger preference for foods high in fat, sugar, and salt. This drives demand for unhealthy food products. Digital food marketing can influence children’s and adolescents’ responses to food, including brand awareness, food cravings, preferences, and food intake. Strengthening regulations on digital food marketing, along with digital media literacy and nutrition education, is necessary to create a healthier digital food environment.
References
Fretes G, Veliz P, Narvaez AM, Williams D, Sibille R, Arts M, et al. Digital Marketing of Unhealthy Foods and Non-alcoholic Beverages to Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review. Current Developments in Nutrition. 2025 Feb;9(2):104545. doi:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104545
Carroll JE, Emond JA, Griffin LL, Bertone-Johnson ER, VanKim NA, Sturgeon SR. Children’s Perception of Food Marketing Across Digital Media Platforms. AJPM Focus. 2024 Jun;3(3):100205. doi:10.1016/j.focus.2024.100205
Van Der Bend DLM, Jakstas T, Van Kleef E, Shrewsbury VA, Bucher T. Making sense of adolescent-targeted social media food marketing: A qualitative study of expert views on key definitions, priorities and challenges. Appetite. 2022 Jan;168:105691. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105691
World Health Organization. Obesitas dan Kelebihan Berat Badan. 2025 Desember.
Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Survei Kesehatan Indonesia. KEMENKES RI; 2023.
Kansra AR, Lakkunarajah S, Jay MS. Childhood and Adolescent Obesity: A Review. Front Pediatr. 2021 Jan 12;8:581461. doi:10.3389/fped.2020.581461
Kinasih P, Jannah M. Narrative review: Ultra-processed foods and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Aceh Nutri J. 2026 Mar 16;11(1):329. doi:10.30867/action.v11i1.3017
Horesh A, Tsur AM, Bardugo A, Twig G. Adolescent and Childhood Obesity and Excess Morbidity and Mortality in Young Adulthood—a Systematic Review. Curr Obes Rep. 2021 May 5;10(3):301–10. doi:10.1007/s13679-021-00439-9
Lafontaine J, Hanson I, Wild C. The impact of the social media industry as a commercial determinant of health on the digital food environment for children and adolescents: a scoping review. BMJ Glob Health. 2025 Feb;10(2):e014667. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014667
Driessen C, Chung A, Martino F, Cameron AJ, Bhatti A, Huse O, et al. Contemporary digital marketing techniques used in unhealthy food campaigns targeting young people. Appetite. 2025 Jul;211:107989. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2025.107989
Guo IJ, Padmita AC, Matsuzaki M, Gittelsohn J, Feeley A, Watson F, et al. The use of social media to promote unhealthy food and beverage consumption among Indonesian children. BMC Nutr. 2025 Mar 21;11(1):57. doi:10.1186/s40795-025-01040-2
Vaughan E, Muc Da Encarnacao M, Brown E, Nealon Lennox O, Kelly C, Tatlow-Golden M. A scoping review of children’s and parents’ attitudes to and awareness of digital food marketing. Health Promotion International. 2025 Mar 5;40(2):daae189. doi:10.1093/heapro/daae189
Tatlow-Golden M, Garde A. Digital food marketing to children: Exploitation, surveillance and rights violations. Global Food Security. 2020 Dec;27:100423. doi:10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100423
Nieto C, Espinosa F, Valero‐Morales I, Boyland E, Potvin Kent M, Tatlow‐Golden M, et al. Digital food and beverage marketing appealing to children and adolescents: An emerging challenge in Mexico. Pediatric Obesity. 2023 Jul;18(7):e13036. doi:10.1111/ijpo.13036
Potvin Kent M, Bagnato M, Remedios L, Soares Guimarães J, Gillis G, Soto C, et al. Child and adolescent exposure to unhealthy food marketing across digital platforms in Canada. BMC Public Health. 2024 Jun 29;24(1):1740. doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19094-5
Carroll JE, Emond JA, Griffin LL, Bertone-Johnson ER, VanKim NA, Sturgeon SR. Children’s Perception of Food Marketing Across Digital Media Platforms. AJPM Focus. 2024 Jun;3(3):100205. doi:10.1016/j.focus.2024.100205
Vergeer L, Soto C, Bagnato M, Pauzé E, Amson A, Ramsay T, et al. Examining differences in exposure to digital marketing of unhealthy foods reported by Canadian children and adolescents in two policy environments. BMC Nutr. 2025 Feb 7;11(1):32. doi:10.1186/s40795-025-01019-z
Murphy G, Corcoran C, Tatlow-Golden M, Boyland E, Rooney B. See, Like, Share, Remember: Adolescents’ Responses to Unhealthy-, Healthy- and Non-Food Advertising in Social Media. IJERPH. 2020 Mar 25;17(7):2181. doi:10.3390/ijerph17072181
Sepvinin C, Putra EY. Optimalisasi Media Digital Sebagai Sarana untuk Promosi UMKM Soitom. Al-Zayn : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum. 2026;4(1):1243–51. doi:https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v4i1.3244
Harris JL, Fleming-Milici F, Gearhardt AN, Grier S, Montgomery K, Romo-Palafox M, et al. Digital Food Marketing and Children’s Health and Well-being. In: Christakis DA, Hale L, editors. Handbook of Children and Screens [Internet]. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland; 2025 [cited 2026 Aug 2]. p. 81–90. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-69362-5_12 doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69362-5_12
Ares G, Antúnez L, Alcaire F, Natero V, Gugliucci V, Machín L, et al. Associations between exposure to digital food marketing and food consumption in adolescence: a cross-sectional study in an emerging country. BMC Public Health. 2025 Sep 30;25(1):3158. doi:10.1186/s12889-025-24443-z
Fretes G, Veliz P, Narvaez AM, Williams D, Sibille R, Arts M, et al. Digital Marketing of Unhealthy Foods and Non-alcoholic Beverages to Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review. Current Developments in Nutrition. 2025 Feb;9(2):104545. doi:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.104545
Bragg M, Lutfeali S, Greene T, Osterman J, Dalton M. How Food Marketing on Instagram Shapes Adolescents’ Food Preferences: Online Randomized Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021 Oct 22;23(10):e28689. doi:10.2196/28689
Maksi SJ, Keller KL, Dardis F, Vecchi M, Freeman J, Evans RK, et al. The food and beverage cues in digital marketing model: special considerations of social media, gaming, and livestreaming environments for food marketing and eating behavior research. Front Nutr. 2024 Feb 6;10:1325265. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1325265
Horta PM, Matos JDP, Mendes LL. Food promoted on an online food delivery platform in a Brazilian metropolis during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: a longitudinal analysis. Public Health Nutr. 2022 May;25(5):1336–45. doi:10.1017/S1368980022000489
Dias M, Agante L. Can advergames boost children’s healthier eating habits? A comparison between healthy and non‐healthy food. J of Consumer Behaviour. 2011 May;10(3):152–60. doi:10.1002/cb.359
Evans RK, Christiansen P, Finlay A, Jones A, Maden M, Boyland E. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effect of digital game‐based or influencer food and non‐alcoholic beverage marketing on children and adolescents: Exploring hierarchy of effects outcomes. Obesity Reviews. 2023 Dec;24(12):e13630. doi:10.1111/obr.13630
Théodore FL, López-Santiago M, Cruz-Casarrubias C, Mendoza-Pablo PA, Barquera S, Tolentino-Mayo L. Digital marketing of products with poor nutritional quality: a major threat for children and adolescents. Public Health. 2021 Sep;198:263–9. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.040
Gupta A, Huggins CE, Salahshoornezhad S, Bennett R, Backholer K, Peeters A. Digital marketing techniques within online food retail platforms: a scoping review. BMC Med. 2025 Dec 10;24(1):30. doi:10.1186/s12916-025-04553-6
Añaña E, Barbosa B. Digital Influencers Promoting Healthy Food: The Role of Source Credibility and Consumer Attitudes and Involvement on Purchase Intention. Sustainability. 2023 Oct 18;15(20):15002. doi:10.3390/su152015002
De Jans S, Spielvogel I, Naderer B, Hudders L. Digital food marketing to children: How an influencer’s lifestyle can stimulate healthy food choices among children. Appetite. 2021 Jul;162:105182. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105182
Van Der Bend DLM, Jakstas T, Van Kleef E, Shrewsbury VA, Bucher T. Adolescents’ exposure to and evaluation of food promotions on social media: a multi-method approach. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2022 Dec;19(1):74. doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01310-3
Rashida Shultana, Md. Mojahidur Rahman Taky, Mohammad Mohi Uddin, Palash MS. CHILDREN’S INFLUENCE ON PARENTAL FOOD BUYING DECISIONS: A CASE STUDY IN BOGURA, BANGLADESH. BJAE. 2025 Dec 6;46(2):1–13. doi:10.70133/bjae.2025.496
Driessen C, Bennett R, Cameron AJ, Kelly B, Bhatti A, Backholer K. Understanding parents’ perceptions of children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing in digital and retail environments. Appetite. 2024 Sep;200:107553. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2024.107553
Ares G, Otterbring T. Digital Food Marketing and Implications for Public Health Nutrition. In: Preedy VR, Patel VB, editors. Handbook of Public Health Nutrition [Internet]. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland; 2025 [cited 2026 Aug 2]. p. 1–19. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-32047-7_11-1 doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32047-7_11-1
Ares G, Antúnez L, De León C, Alcaire F, Vidal L, Natero V, et al. ‘Even if you don’t pay attention to it, you know it’s there’: A qualitative exploration of adolescents’ experiences with digital food marketing. Appetite. 2022 Sep;176:106128. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2022.106128
Elliott C, Truman E, Black JE. Food marketing to teenagers: Examining the digital palate of targeted appeals. Appetite. 2025 Mar;207:107912. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2025.107912
Gupta A, Backholer K, Huggins CE, Bennett R, Leung GKW, Peeters A. Understanding food choices and promoting healthier food options among online food delivery service users in Australia: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2025 May 9;25(1):1721. doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22839-5
Meléndez-Illanes L, González-Díaz C, Álvarez-Dardet C. Advertising of foods and beverages in social media aimed at children: high exposure and low control. BMC Public Health. 2022 Sep 22;22(1):1795. doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14196-4
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Prananingrum Kinasih, Miftahul Jannah, Wahyu Aulia Hasibuan, Dame Afrina Sihombing, Trioni Widyastuti

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All articles published in the Journal of Nutrition Explorations are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution–ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Under this license, users are permitted to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, and link to the full texts of the articles, as well as adapt and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.
Any derivative works based on the published articles must be distributed under the same Creative Commons Attribution–ShareAlike (CC BY-SA 4.0) license.
Authors who publish with the Journal of Nutrition Explorations retain the copyright of their work. By submitting and publishing their manuscripts in this journal, authors grant the journal the right of first publication.
The Journal of Nutrition Explorations supports the principles of open access, ensuring that all published articles are freely available online without subscription or access fees.
Author Rights
Authors retain the following rights:
-
The right to share and distribute their published article.
-
The right to use the article for academic and educational purposes.
-
The right to deposit the article in institutional or subject repositories.
-
The right to include the article in future books, theses, or other scholarly works.
Licensing Information
All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution–ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).
More information about this license can be found at:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/





