Descriptive Study of Balanced Nutrition Knowledge, Eating Patterns, and Nutritional Status Among Grade X Students at State Senior High School 22 Surabaya

Ghina Handayani; Ani Intiyati; Inne Soesanti; Dian  Shofiya

doi:10.36568/jone.v3i3.611

Authors

Ghina Handayani Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya
Ani Intiyati Politeknik Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan Surabaya
Inne Soesanti Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya
Dian Shofiya Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36568/jone.v3i3.611

Keywords:

Diet, Nutritional status, Adolescents, Balance nutritional knowledge

Abstract

Adolescents are prone to nutritional problems due to limited knowledge and unhealthy eating behaviors. This study aimed to describe the balanced nutrition knowledge, dietary habits, and nutritional status of Grade X students at SMA Negeri 22 Surabaya as a basis for promotive and preventive strategies.

A descriptive study was conducted involving 79 students selected through proportional simple random sampling. Data were collected using a validated nutrition knowledge questionnaire, SQ-FFQ, and anthropometric measurements, then analyzed descriptively.

Most participants were female (70.9%) and aged 16 years (68.4%). A total of 67.1% had good knowledge of balanced nutrition. However, only 43% had normal energy intake. Good dietary diversity was found in 35.4%, and 54.4% had adequate meal frequency. Despite this, 57% had poor overall eating patterns. In terms of nutritional status, 65.8% were within the normal range, 13.9% were undernourished, and 20.3% were overweight or obese.

The findings show a gap between knowledge and practice, where good nutritional knowledge does not always translate into healthy dietary behavior. Therefore, targeted interventions are needed to improve adolescents' eating patterns and prevent future nutritional problems.

References

Boncyk M, Leroy JL, Brander RL, Larson LM, Ruel MT, Frongillo EA. Accuracy of Using Weight and Length in Children under 24 mo to Screen for Early Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr [Internet]. 2025;16(7):100452. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100452

Smith ER, Gomes F, Adu-afarwuah S, Aguayo VM, Arifeen S El, Bhutta A, et al. Contribution of Maternal Adherence to the Effect of Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation During Pregnancy : A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis. 2025;16(May).

Coomson JB, Smith NW, Mcnabb W. Impacts of Food Forti fi cation on Micronutrient Intake and Nutritional Status of Women of Reproductive Age in Africa — A Narrative Review. Adv Nutr [Internet]. 2025;16(7):100463. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100463

Boxall LR, Eskandari F, Wallis J, Bielat AD, Appleton KM. The Effects of Aspartame on Glucose, Insulin, and Appetite-Regulating Hormone Responses in Humans: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Adv Nutr [Internet]. 2025;16(7):100449. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100449

Li ZH, Wang XX, Du HY, Liu WB, Zhang CJ, Talifu Z, et al. Unraveling Spinal Cord Injury Nutrition: Effects of Diet on the Host and Microbiome. Adv Nutr [Internet]. 2025;16(7):100448. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100448

Birch DA. Addressing Social Justice Through School Health Education: Thoughts on an Expanded Focus. J Sch Health [Internet]. 2021 Jun 30;91(6):439–42. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/josh.13017

Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional. Lembaga Penerbit Balitbangkes. 2018. p. hal 156.

Dwi Jayanti Y, Elsa Novananda N. Hubungan Pengetahuan Tentang Gizi Seimbang dengan Status Gizi Pada Remaja Putri Kelas XI Akuntansi 2 (di SMK PGRI 2 Kota Kediri). J KEBIDANAN [Internet]. 2019 Mar 25;6(2):100–8. Available from: https://akbid-dharmahusada-kediri.e-journal.id/JKDH/article/view/38

Noviyanti RD, Marfuah D. Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi, Aktivitas Fisk, dan Pola Makan terhadap Status Gizi Remaja. Univ Res Colloq. 2017;421–6.

Irwan. Etika dan Perilaku Kesehatan. 2017. I.

Cindrawati N. Penyebab Kesenjangan Antara Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Terkait Diabetes Modifiable Risk Factors Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Surabaya. Calyptra J Ilm Mhs Univ Surabaya. 2013;2(1):1–18.

Notoadmodjo S. Promosi Kesehatan & Prilaku Kesehatan. Jakarta: EGC. 2012.

Nurjannah AS, Dalimunthe NK, Kustiani A, Gizi PS, Kesehatan F, Indonesia UM, et al. Hubungan Pembelian Makanan Online dan Kebiasaan Makan Dengan Status Gizi Mahasiswa Indekos di Kota Bandar Lampung. 2024;2(2):903–10.

Siti Qomariah, Sara Herlina, Wiwi Sartika, Sellia Juwita. Pengaruh Peran Orang Tua Terhadap Kejadian Gizi Lebih Pada Remaja Di Era Pandemi Covid 19 Di Pekanbaru. Jakiyah J Ilm Umum dan Kesehat Aisyiyah. 2021;6(2):76–82.

Peng H, Pan S, Yan Y, Brand RE, Petersen GM, Chari ST, et al. Systemic Proteome Alterations Linked to Early Stage Pancreatic Cancer in Diabetic Patients. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(6):1–14.

Penelitian A. Analisis Pola Makan dan Status Gizi Kurang (Thinness) Pada Siswa SDN Cikupa 4 Kabupaten Tangerang. 2024;1(2):49–56.

Aulia JN. Masalah Gizi Pada Anak Usia Sekolah. J Ilm Kesehat Media Husada. 2022;11(1):22–5.

Wagustina S, Fitriyaningsih E, Novita R. Nutrition Awareness Students Guidance in an Efforts To Prevent Malnutrition in School Children at MIN 8 Aceh Besar. 2024;2024(6):54–62.

Wahyuningsih R, Pratiwi IG. Hubungan Aktifitas Fisik dengan Kejadian Kegemukan Pada Remaja di Jurusan Gizi Politeknik Kesehatan Mataram. AcTion Aceh Nutr J. 2019;4(2):163.

Fitria F, Musniati N, Mulyawati DA. Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan tentang Gizi Seimbang Pada Siswa SMA Muhammadiyah 13 Jakarta. Muhammadiyah J Nutr Food Sci [Internet]. 2022 Jul 1;3(1):11. Available from: https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/MJNF/article/view/12136

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Remaja Sehat Penuh Gizi [Internet]. Jakarta; 2019. Available from: http://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-Eng-8ene.pdf?sequence=12&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.005%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305320484_SISTEM_PEMBETUNGAN_TERPUSAT_STRATEGI_MELESTARI

Savage JS, Fisher JO, Birch LL. Parental Influence on Eating Behavior. J Law, Med Ethics. 2007;35(1):22–34.

Jimima Ramadhani C, Tuhfatul Fadilah L, Ratu Zahira M, Salsa Az-Zahra Riyanto matul, Lutfiatun N, Yuna Carisa N, et al. Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan dalam Memilih Menu Makanan pada Mahasiswa program Studi Gizi Universitas Negeri Semarang 2023. J Anal [Internet]. 2024;3(2):177–94. Available from: http://jurnalilmiah.org/journal/index.php/Analis

Hidayah KA, Sholichah F, Widiastuti W. Differences in Energy Adequacy Levels, Physical Activity, and Nutritional Status among Female Santri Groups who Fasting and Not Fasting Monday Thursday (Case Study at Askhabul Kahfi Islamic Boarding School , Semarang City). 2024;6(2):59–65. Available from: http://jurnalilmiah.org/journal/index.php/Analis

Suhag K, Rauniyar S. Social Media Effects Regarding Eating Disorders and Body Image in Young Adolescents. Cureus. 2024;16(July 2014).